They give me thesum of $1,200,000 and many thing. [27] A number of reasons have been given on why the Efik left Uruan. The society is now seen as a fraternity along the masonic lines which tries to represent the interest of Efiks. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. What role does religion play in society today? Collection of Eli Bentor. Among these laws were the Abolition of twin-killings, abolition of the esere bean ordeal, abolition of human sacrifices and several other practices. Known generally as Ekpe, Egbo, Ngbe, or Ugbe among the multi-lingual groups in the region, these closed groups all used the leopard as a symbol of masculine prowess in war and political authority in their various communities. The Amama often appropriate hundreds of acres of palm trees for their own use and, with the profits they earn, ensure that their sons achieve comparable rank, which has the effect of limiting access to economic gain for other members of the community. and Dahomean towns, and among the tribes of Congo and the Cameroon.17 According to the same author, Ngbe, was another society influenced by the Ekoi and originally considered Egb [Ekp]. It is uncertain when Obutong was founded but most Efik scholars hypothesize that it was founded in the 16th century. Sunjata's aunt, Tenenba Conde, childless herself, must raise the child Fakoli, son of Kosiya Kante, after Kosiya sacrifices herself for her brother's sake. Also i want bomb and shell. Ukara cloth, an indigo stitched and dyed cloth is significant to the people of Igbo land. [34] When the Uruan woman realised that Abasi had broken her axe, she insisted that the axe should be repaired. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. At least in the past, very large sums were paid to attain these upper levels. The most popular migration account within the Nigerian space asserts that the Efik people lived at Ibom in the present-day Arochukwu and migrated from Ibom to Uruan. Have you ever thought about starting a secret society? The group has managed to stay mostly hidden for over more than 100 years. Ekpe could take life and could give it; it could condemn a whole town to a heavy fine and was promptly paid; it could punish offenders and could forgive; even kings and Obongs could never escape Ekpe laws and edicts.[69]. Hope all is well. Mr. . This theory asserts that the Efik migrated from Palestine or somewhere close to Palestine. We are about loving, encouraging, embracing, teaching, and building with black people. [10] The original seven clans are scattered between Cross River state and Akwa Ibom state and consist of Iboku (Duke town, Henshaw town, Creek town and Cobham town), Obutong, Adiabo, Mbiabo (Mbiabo Edere, Mbiabo Ikot Offiong, Mbiabo Ikoneto), Enwang, Usukakpa and Abayen. After the Efik had settled at Ikpa Ene, a party of men from Uruan arrived at Ikpa Ene. Instead, each settlement had its own lodge of the initiation society called kp, or "leopard," which was the highest indigenous authority. [79] Ikpaya a royal type of gown also made from raffia. [49] Prior to the arrival of the Efiom Ekpo group, oral tradition has it that when some Efik migrated to Creek town from Ndodoghi, The Enwang did not join them but migrated to the present site of Duke town. Festival organised by Global Music Exchange (ht. The images, ideology, and secrecy associated with kp have been studied for more than one hundred years, and yet crucial features of the history of kp and its transformation have been neglected. The area from which the Sunjata Epic comes was historically: the geographical location of the great medieval African kingdoms - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. The Efik acted as the middlemen between the European vessels and the inland slave traders. There are different narratives on the arrival of the Efik at Creek Town. [37] The items believed to have been taken include Ikpaya (woven raffia robe), Akata (throne) and Ayang (Broom). [54] The name "Agbisherea" (also known as Egbosherry) appended in the names of the two kings listed by Barbot, was the name of the country, on the coast of which they traded from. Laws were passed to halt several practices regarded as unchristian. cherryblossom wrote on watzinaname's profile. This created a need for Ekpe DC to have a full Ayamba Nkanda (Nkanda Chief). There is not even one single manyangero mentioned on all the write up on any of the ekpe/mgbe stories. The kp ("leopard") society represents an ancient African institution that provided the supreme functions of governance in the communal societies of the forest regions of the Cross-River basin and the hilly terrain to the east, in what is called today southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon. 16, 2014 3 likes 6,498 views Download Now Download to read offline Education Spiritual Technology A short description of the ancient Ekpe Masquerade and its cultural and spiritual significance, in the life of the people of the Cross River basin. [9] The Efik have also been referred to as "Calabar people" in historical literature. Historians and archaeologists have worked to piece together the human story from prehistory up to today. identity. These they handcuffed, brought down to the canoes, and so proceeded up the river, till they got to the amount of 45, with whom they returned to New town, where sending to the captains of the shipping, they divided them among the ships.[56]. In such cases, the Ekpe Society is seen as the . Plenty sugar cane live here and if some man must come for teach book proper, and make all men saby God like white man, and then we go on for same fashion. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). During weddings, the bride wears at least two different nyny. Ethnographic - (Mask, Elephant, Cape, Chicken Feather); Elephant Mask with Chicken Feather Cape, Bekom People, Cameroon. [40] [5] Within Nigeria, the Efik can be found in the present-day Cross River State and Akwa Ibom state. [72] Iwewe is also regarded as a sacrificial meal often prepared for the Efik deities. Ekpe translates to Leopard in the Efik language and is believed to be a spirit that resides in the forest. [52] A number of people were hanged, shot and buried with the late chief according to the custom. The Efik people are well known for a diverse number of cuisines. My party of 4 spent $400 at Space 220 in Disney World. While their political authority is largely diminished today, Ekpe membership is still prestigious and the society continues to be a unifying force among the Ejagham, Igbo, Efik, Ibibio, and other cultural groups in the Cross River region. Right now, Ekpe . Thanks for signing up for our daily insight on the African economy. It is also found among a number of other ethnic groups, including the Bahumono of the Cross River State, the Ibibio, the Uruan and the Oron of Akwa Ibom State, Arochukwu and some other parts of Abia State, as well as in the diaspora, such as in Cuba and Brazil. Goldie describes Eburutu as a country that consists of various ethnic groups. These secret societies were used to uphold the legal decisions of the Council of Elders or of the community as a whole, they also ensured conformity in certain rituals and in social behaviour and undertook certain public works for the community (n.d.). Ekpe masquerade [1], Its members are only men and are played on special occasion. Some of the musical instruments that are important in the culture we have discussed are: the bala (balaphon), a kind of xylophone, and the kora, a gourd harp. . In addition to ritual propitiation of forest spirits to ensure the well-being of the community, this graded secret male society made and enforced laws by fines, capital punishment, or boycotts; judged cases; maintained internal peace; and served as the executive. It is not just because of its spiritual or cultic functions but for the fact that the institution was a pre-colonial police judiciary system (Bassey, 1998). It was technically part of Nigeria, according to history, which was the reason we had the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC). The three most popular theories include an Igbo origin, Ibibio origin and Palestinian origin. The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, and western Cameroon. Written March 01, 2015 by Web Services Editor, Guarini School of Graduate & Advanced Studies, Copyright 2023 Trustees of Dartmouth College. ,sister Watz. Among these missionaries were Rev. Alcoholic content may be increased via adding the red bark of Edat (Sacoglottis gabonensis) to the wine. [12] Due to the support of the missionaries, the Efik language became the language of religion. The Ekpe is a men's society found in Abiriba, Aro-chukwu, Ohafia and many other Bende communities in Igbo land, it is a variation of the important Egbo Ejagham ( Ekoi) in the Upper Cross-River as well as the Efik Ekpe Society of Calabar. Speaking at the ceremony, the head of Ekpe of Afap village, Seseku Daniel Laluh said with Prof Ayuk's commitment in the village, the Ekpe society thought it necessary to confer him the Seseku. The Efik language was also spoken in several communities in Western Cameroon. In the Song of Ocol, Lawino's husband gives his side, arguing that: Ocol throws Lawino out of his house because: Ocol says that "__________________________ are chains around the neck, chains of slavery". Instead, each settlement had its own lodge of the . Hugh, Goldie. Body art plays a major role in Ibibio art. The tentative program is as follows: January 27th and 28th, 2012. [48] Jeffreys theory is unpopular with a large majority of the Efik. [45] Eyo Ema's people occupied Otung in the south of Creek Town, Adim Atai and Ukpong Atai occupied the east and Efiom Ekpo's family occupied the Adakuko in the west. Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. The instruments above are particularly important to our study of the Sunjata because: they are the traditional instruments of the jeliw who tell the story in public performance. One of the most important castes in this society is the jeli caste. She said as a member of the Ekpe Society of the Efiks, she participates in the Ekpe activities. She or he is a random of nature, a result of mixed up and confused spiritual genetics. [41] Latham hypothesizes that the Efik may have arrived before the middle of the seventeenth century. Ema Atai Ema Atai, Edidem, Biop sai." Due to the peregrinations of Efik traders across the lower Cross River region, The Efik language was regarded as the language of commerce in the Cross river region. The year 1841 marked the official signing of papers by Efik kings to stop the exportation of slaves from Old Calabar. In the traditional Soninke tale of "Gasire's Lute", the son of the king contributes tragically to the fall of his kingdom when he: becomes too impatient to become king himself, gets his own sons killed in battle, becomes a poet-bard rather than wait to become king, causes his own people to rebel against his desire to keep fighting. Click to expose navigation links on mobile. Letters were also sent by King Eyo Honesty II to introduce missionaries and technocrats into the country with emphasis on the latter. [26] Essien points out that Atakpor Uruan Inyang is one of the Efik deities and asserts that among the Uruan exists the saying "Ke Ndem Efik Iboku, Atakpor ke Ekuk", which can be interpreted to mean "Where there is the Efik deity, there is also Atakpor Uruan to share with it. Now we can't sell slaves again we must have too much man for country; and want something for make work and trade, and if we could get seed for cotton and coffee we could make trade. [26] At Uruan, they were ruled by a number of priest-kings Ndidem. an extraordinarily powerful woman, who can change herself into a buffalo, the proud oldest daughter of a king, who insists on being respected, enraged by her brother's refusal to give her the inheritance she feels she is owed, guilt-ridden for having killed many of her brother's people, and for having pushed her youngest sister too hard and too soon into magical power. a warrior-hunter who, despite having been a cripple, becomes the founder of an empire. [73] The Efik native cow (English: Ena Efk) was regarded with some amount of reverence and was mainly killed on rare occasions such as the festival for the installation of a new priest king. Lawino says that her husband's house is a "dark forest of _______________________". According to Parker, When there, Dick Ebro' asking him to go to war with him, he complied, and accordingly having sitted out and armed the canoes, they went up the river, lying under the bushes in the day when they came near a village; and at night flying up to the village, and taking hold of every one they could see. It is also used by the Igbo and Efik. Having associated broadly with foreigners in the pre-colonial era and . One theory asserts that Ukpong Atai Atai Ema Atai, Adim Atai Atai Ema Atai and other co-founders founded Obutong after one of Eyo Ema's people was killed during a wrestling match with Ukpong Atai at Creek town. African literature has been disregarded as serious literature in the past because: Original African systems of recording information in symbols include the ______ script, of the Ekpe society of the Ejagham of Cameroon and Nigeria. [1] The trade-off is that the Amama often control the majority of the community wealth. [32] The Efik having pity on these men gave them food and showed them hospitality. Why do you think it is important for us to understand our past? [58] Antera Duke also known as Ntiero Edem Efiom was an Efik trader whose diary reveals several daily activities in Old Calabar between 1785 and 1788. The primary society is located in the Cross River, Akwa Ibom and Arochukwu areas of Nigeria, and the secondary society consists of members from the Southern and Eastern Igbo groups of the same country. [43] Stephen D. Behrendt and Eric J. Graham revealed in a 2003 publication that by the time the first documented European sailing vessel arrived in 1625, the Efik had already settled at Creek Town and Old Town. Imhotep was a revered personality as he was believed to be with super powers of healing and influencing people and affairs of the community. Nair dates the arrival of the Efik towards the end of the seventeenth century or the beginning of the eighteenth century. Explain. [23][24], The Oriental original is most popular among indigenous Efik historians such as E.U. Animals such as goats, chicken and dogs are consumed in Efik cuisine. http://Ekpesociety.blogspot.com; www.ekpe.org; http://Ekpesocietyusa.blogspot.com; http://ndiboyevengo.blogspot.com, Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting, Ekpe Chief Maurice Enoh's funeral in Dallas on January 27th and 28th 2012, Maurice Enoh: The 1st Manyu Ekpe USA Sessekou to die in USA, Maurice Enoh returning from his crowning ceremony as Ekpe Chief in Kepelle Village, Ekpe-USA received at the Smithsonian Museum.
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