kassites in the bible

Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Kassite Period [1600-1160 BCE] How much longer should the Sun remain in its stable phase? Jt. Submitted by Jan van der Crabben, published on 03 August 2011. Most belong to the archives of the guenna (provincial governor) of the city of Nippur and seem to indicate a feudal system of government during the 14th and 13th centuries. Amazing Bible Timeline with World History, http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/MiddleEast/Kassites.html, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassites#Kassite_Dynasty_of_Babylo, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kassite_Babylonia_EN.svg. "Archive und Bibliotheken in Babylon. 159-70. We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Civilization that Hittites, Kassites and Mitanni Children's Middle Eastern History Books, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. The mosaic glass beakers are thought to have been heirlooms, possibly for ritual use the find spot being a temple. Kassites stayed in Babylonia, but their main concentration was the central Zagros northeast of Babylonia, notably in Namri and Bt-Hamban. 49, no. 9 f.) thinks that the governor of Nippur was the head of the Babylonian aristocrats, but his suggestion, namely, that in the personality of the governor of Nippur was manifested to a certain degree the personality of a second king, cannot be substantiated. of Balkan, Kassitenstudien, JNES 15, 1956, pp. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Then all the Midianites and the Amalekites and the children of the east were gathered together, and went over, and pitched in the valley of Jezreel. Their leaders came to power in Babylon following the collapse of the ruling dynasty of the Old Babylonian Period in 1595 BC. Historians and scholars claim that their rule was the longest in the history of ancient Babylon. After acting as king of Babylon for a year (1220 BCE), Tukulti-Ninurta I appointed a succession of puppet rulers, who controlled Babylonia for a decade. After the Hittites' surgeon Babylon, the Kassites, coming from the North, North-East, settled in Babylon and founded their dynasty by Agum. Marduk was already the patron deity of the Babylonians before the Kassites arrived, but this God was elevated to the position of supreme god once Babylon became a powerful Mesopotamian territory. Your email address will not be published. (2012). ''Some Shared Traditions Between Hana and the Kassites'', In Crossing Boundaries and Linking Horizons: Studies in Honor of Michael C. Astour on His 80th Birthday, 417-432.Potts, D. T. (2006). Originally Published in 1962 Mesopotamian Motifs in the Early Chapters of Genesis By: E.A. The Kassites had also developed their unique style of poetry, architecture, medicine, sculpture, astrology and fortune telling. This region became increasingly unsafe, especially during the reign of Samsuditana, the last ruler of the Hammurabi dynasty. "Kassitisch und Hurro-Urartisch. 44 f., 59). Kassites (among others) were included in the workforces (mostly agricultural laborers): individuals defined as Kassites (Ka) or bearing Kassite names appear in ration lists. What Really Happened Between Ruth and Boaz On The Threshing Floor. [27] An International System came into place between these parties connected by widespread trade, treaties, and intermarriage between the ruling classes (especially between the Kassites and Elamites). The monument mostly speaks of military victories over Egypts enemies. Information will be sectioned off into multiple posts, organized by date ranges. Some prebendaries in Babylonian temple cities bore Kassite ancestors names as late as the Achaemenid period (see Zadok, 2003, p. 482, with n. 6). The correspondence is mainly concerned with diplomatic marriages. Click here to find out more about this unique and fun Bible study tool! There is only soft evidence about whether or not the Habiru are actually the Hebrews. W. De Smet, Kashsh in Old-Babylonian Documents, Akkadica 68, 1990, pp. Babylonia was divided into two kingdoms, that of the Kassites in the north and the Sealand in the south, including Uruk, Ur, and Larsa. Archaeologists divide it into three periods, Early Kassite (pre c. 1415 BC), Middle Kassite (c 1415 BC - 1225 BC), and Late Kassite (c. 1225 BC - 1155 BC). Their religion revolved around worship of three major gods, one for . This form resembles the much later Greek name Kossaioii, Lat. Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible - Google Books After these role models are gone, Israel has 15 Judges in this historical account. The eunuch was not from the land today known as Ethiopia, which corresponds to the ancient Kingdom of Aksum, which conquered Kush in the fourth century. [8][9] About 100 Kassite tablets were found at Dur-Kurigalzu. Museum, British. The origin of the Kassites is uncertain, though a number of theories have been advanced. J. It's . and debt slaves, thereby containing internal inequalities of wealth and legal status (slave-free continuum: see Brinkman, 1982). Elam is recorded in history at the time of Sagron of Akkad around 2300 BC where it is listed on the Bible Timeline. During and after the Bronze Age Collapse Babylonia was invaded by their neighbors, the Elamites and the Assyrians. The dependents employed in these sectors received rations, the quantities of which were determined according to the recipients rank in the hierarchy. Kassite. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. 2, 1986, pp. 2, pp. Babylonia under the Kassites: Some Aspects for Consideration". There is good reason for thinking that the Kassites were once neighbors of Indo-Europeans, in view of some affinities between their pantheon and the Indo-Aryan one (see Bloomfield, 1904; Balkan, 1986, p. 8; Eilers, 1957-58, p. 136 ad srya-). There are very few filiations with the father bearing a Babylonian name. The earliest occurrence of an individual with a Kassite name in Babylonia is from Rm-Sn Is 53rd year (1770 BCE). 234-37; idem, 1984, pp. Did Jesus or The New Testament Authors Quote from The Apocryphal Books? [17] This practice continued for several centuries after the end of the Kassite Dynasty. Five prominent individuals and several places in Inner Media had Kassite names. Why Did The Samaritan Woman At The Well Have So Many Marriages? Bibliography 257 Environment, Series II, Memoirs IV. Your email address will not be published. Historical records indicate that the remaining Kassiste people eventually migrated back to their homeland in modern day Iran and were conquered ruled by the Greeks under Alexander the Great. The Kassites unified Mesopotamia into one culture centred around Babylon The HURRIANS c. 905-886 BC Also known as Hanigalbat, the Hurrians were Indo-Iranian warrior people who filled the vacuum left in central and northern Mesopotamia after the segregation and fall of their city kingdoms. 47, 100, 102 ff., 115 ff., 122). A timeline of ancient Mesopotamian history up to and including the Persians. Their Akkadian name Ka originates from a Kassite form *G/Kal- (cf. 287-90. June 14, 2022; pros and cons of stem cell therapy for knees . Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. It is mostly translated as "Ur of the Chaldeans." The problem with "Chaldeans" is that it is a late word used in the Neo-Babylonian times. W. Eilers, rev. Iggy, your theory is not an uncommon one. During the time of the Canaanite conquest the most profound source of extra-biblical evidence is from a cache of letters called the Amarna letters. 1-44, van Koppen, Frans. 11-15). Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. What does the Bible say about the Kassites? - Study.com 59, no. [24] They were reported in Babylonia by the 18th century BC, especially around the area of Sippar. However, Elams raids caused the demise of the Kassite dynasty in 1150 BCE (see Brinkman, 1968, pp. 2, 2006, pp. 131 f.). 403-10. Therefore it is clear that the King List includes ancestors of the Kassite kings (cf. Books The administration was directed from the palaces of various cities. Leiden: BRILL. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Remember that Hebrews existed before the Egyptian captivity. 6969, Albrecht Goetze, "The Kassites and Near Eastern Chronology,", This page was last edited on 5 February 2023, at 22:04. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Kassites. Volume 1 Kardunia. The opening of Joshua, chapter 10, describes the King of Jerusalem being afraid because of the capturing of Ai and Jericho by Joshua during battle. Abraham's Ur - Accuracy In Genesis Ancient Orient Museum, Kudurru mentioning the name of the Kassite king Kurigalzu II, from Nippur, Iraq, Ancient Orient Museum, Babylonian cuneiform tablet with a map from Nippur, Kassite period, 1550-1450 BCE, Winged centaur hunting animals. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The Kassite Dynasty refurbished many of the ancient Babylonian cities and constructed a new city called Dur Kurigalzu (named after one of the Kassite kings) near modern Baghdad. 27181. The Kassites entered into Babylon after the Old Babylonian Empire and established their rule around 1531 B.C. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. The Monumental Fall of Babylon: What Really Shattered the Empire Foster and D. Gutas, Monographs on the Ancient Near East 2/3, Malibu, 1986. . World History Encyclopedia. Richardson (2002, p. 347) is of the opinion that the fortresses were forerunners of the later Kassite feudal communities. Kassites are recorded in Nuzi during the 15th century BCE (see Brinkman, 1976-80, pp. Gihon Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY - JW.ORG Les Kassites, un peuple antique qui n'tait ni indo-europen, ni smite, tait originaire du Lorestan. B. Landsberger, Assyrische Knigsliste und dunkles Zeitalter, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 8, 1954, pp. . Both sectors were based on the redistributive principle characteristic of Mesopotamian household organization (see Edens, 1994, p. 211). [51] It is found in many Moesoptamia cities including Eridu and Tell Khaiber. 17 f.). Hittite, member of an ancient Indo-European people who appeared in Anatolia at the beginning of the 2nd millennium bce; by 1340 bce they had become one of the dominant powers of the Middle East. His body was never found and also coincidentally there was no chariots available for other wars for quite a while after that. Who Were the Cushites in the Bible? - Synonym Just exactly who The Kassites were, and anything about their origins and history, is very obscure. 221-223, Marcus, Michelle I. However, I dont think that Ahmose IIs stele tells the story. Who are the ethiopian in the bible? - Egszz.churchrez.org The Kassites produced a substantial amount of pottery. They are well represented among the great landowners. Another ancient Middle Eastern people known as the Elam finally defeated the last Kassite ruler in 12 B.C. They slowly then began to make their way southward toward Babylon. Judges 8:33 records that after Gideon died, the Israelites turned from the Lord and worshiped Baals and made Baal-berith their God. Mitanni; Kassites; Hittites; Egypt - GOD's WAR PLAN One interesting aspect of these letters is that they are written in Akkadian cuneiform and not Egyptian. Kassites played a central role in the military. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Clayden, Tim. Moses birth was 80 years before the Exodus in 1392bce or 2528 from Adam. 3, 1982, pp. [7], Documentation of the Kassite period depends heavily on the scattered and disarticulated tablets from Nippur, where thousands of tablets and fragments have been excavated. [25] As the Babylonian empire weakened in the following years the Kassites became a part of the landscape, even at times supplying troops for Babylon. D.O. The Kissites used their alliances to help repel enemies and to establish a trade. A. Armstrong, S. W. Cole, and V. G. Gurzadyan, Dating the Fall of Babylon: A Reappraisal of Second-Millennium Chronology (a Joint Ghent-Chicago-Harvard Project), Mesopotamian History and Environment 2: Memoirs 4. Where did the Hittites live in ancient Anatolia? D. Charpin, propos des rois de Hana, Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brves et Utilitaires, 1995, no. The Amarna letters show marriage contracts between Egypt's 18th dynasty and the Kassites. Some lexicographers associate the "land of Cush" of Genesis 2:13 with the Kassites (Akkadian, kassu ), a people of the plateau of central Asia mentioned in ancient cuneiform inscriptions but whose history remains quite obscure. The Kassites, the ancient Near Eastern people who seized power in Babylonia following the fall of the first Babylonian Dynasty and subsequently went on to rule it for some three hundred and fifty years during the late bronze age, possessed a pantheon of gods but few are known beyond the laconic mention in the theophoric element of a name. Kassites. Idem, A Political History of Post-Kassite Babylonia, Analecta Orientalia 43, Rome, 1968. 31-51. Mesopotamian Timeline - Umb.edu To the east of the Hittite Empire, Mesopotamia was not ruled by a single state or empire during most of the Bronze Age. 165-74. 113-118. . Cuneiform Texts in The Otago Museum: A preliminary report. The Hittites (/ h t a t s /) were an Anatolian people who played an important role in establishing first a kingdom in Kussara before 1750 BC, then the Kanesh or Nesha kingdom (ca. The Kassites - Bible History The Kassites You are here: Home Ancient Babylonia Old Babylonian Period (2000 - 1595 BC) The Kassites Just exactly who The Kassites were, and anything about their origins and history, is very obscure. Who are the Ethiopian people in the Bible? The Worst Televangelist Product Scams Of All Time. The rulers of Allabria, Hubukia, and Ginguhtu, regions in the direction of present-day West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, bore Kassite names (Ianzi-buria, Ianz, and Ursi respectively). 2, 2004, pp. 4 Where did the Hittites live in ancient Anatolia? Zeitschrift Fr Assyriologie & Vorderasiatische Archologie, 103(2), 183195. [59], Male head from Dur-Kurigalzu, Iraq, Kassite, reign of Marduk-apla-iddina I. Iraq Museum, Door socket from Dur-Kurigalzu, Iraq. World History Encyclopedia. These are caretakers of the people and the closest they have to political leaders. Isaac was 100 years later in 2048bce, or 2048 from Adam. Who Were the Hittites? - Biblical Archaeology Society Our collection of maps are simple and they are free. Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Kassite Peri Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Middle Babylonian Period [1000 - 625 BCE] | Dust Off The Bible. As is clear from this material, the Kassites spoke a language without a genetic relationship to any other known tongue (cf. Bible History - C. 1404-1062 BC From the beginning, we have great leaders of the people such as Abraham, Joseph, Moses, and Joshua. Ein Diskussionsbeitrag zu mglichen lexikalischen Isoglossen". What are the Kassites known for? - All Famous Faqs Louvre Museum, reference AO 22355, (Shamshi-Adad dynasty18081736 BCE)(Amorites)Shamshi-Adad I Ishme-Dagan I Mut-Ashkur Rimush Asinum Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi ; Sassmannshausen, 2000, pp. 1496 BCE, i.e., just three years after its fall, if to rely upon the evidence of the texts from Tall Muammad (for their onomasticon, see Zadok, 1994, p. 48a; Sassmannshausen, 1999, pp. Kassite and Elamite Kings". Jahrtausend v.Chr., Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 12/2, Wiesbaden, 2001. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Bible Charts and Maps, PO Box 171053, Austin, TX 78717 The Kassites, an ancient people who spoke neither an Indo-European nor a Semitic language, originated in Lorestn. [47] What is known is that their language was not related to either the Indo-European language group, nor to Semitic or other Afro-Asiatic languages, and is most likely to have been a language isolate, although some linguists have proposed a link to the Hurro-Urartian languages of the Armenian highlands and Northern Mesopotamia. Corrections? In letter #108, Rib-Hadda gives praises to Baal and also Samas in the sky. M. Hlscher, Die Personennamen der kassitenzeitlischen Texte aus Nippur, Imgula 1, Mnster, 1996. Mesopotamia - HISTORY The governor of Nippur was in charge of an economic organization, which collected numerous agricultural deliveries and imposts from broad parts of Babylonia. Idem, Beitrge zur Verwaltung und Gesellschaft Babyloniens in der Kassitenzeit, Baghdader Forschungen 21, Mainz, 2001. 925, Yaln, Serdar. They are recorded as weavers and other textile workers, but are underrepresented in most of the other handicrafts (Sassmannshausen, 2001, p. xv). 1-48. First mentioned in Elamite texts of the late 3rd millennium bc, they penetrated into Mesopotamia in the 2nd millennium,. The most advanced Bible dictionary as a part of Biblia Plus, which includes everything you need to take your Bible study to the next level. 471-589. 3 Where did the Kassite people originally come from? The fact that the river ordeal, which in the Old Babylonian period is mainly recorded in texts from Susa, has become more common in Babylonia during the Kassite than in the preceding (Old Babylonian) period may point to an origin of the Kassites east of Babylonia, but is not conclusive evidence. NON-IRANIAN LANGUAGES (5) KASSITE. Sassmannshausen (1999, pp. KASSITES, a people who probably originated in the Zagros and who ruled Babylonia in the 16th-12th centuries BCE. 31217, Levine, Louis D. "Geographical Studies in the Neo-Assyrian ZagrosI." The Kassites - Bible History Brinkman, J. Copyright 2023 Wisdom-Advices | All rights reserved. For a time in the early reign of Tukulti-Ninurta I Assyria gained ascendancy, until the Elamites under Kidin-Hutran III intervened. A. Brinkman (1976-80, p. 465a) and W. De Smet (1990, p. 11) point out that the earliest evidence for Kassites is from northern Babylonia and west of it, viz., the Middle Euphrates and Alalah VII (see Brinkman, 1976-80, p. 466b). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 65, no. The Kassite kings were called, by themselves and their colleagues in other Near Eastern states, kings of the land of Kar(an)dunia, the latter being a term for Babylonia that may have been Kassite in origin (del Monte and Tischler, 1978, pp. Updates? The Kassites followed the Hittites and renamed the city Karanduniash. In the 1st millennium the Kassites withdrew to the Zagros Mountains, where they opposed the eastward expansion of Assyrian power and paid tribute to Persia. Biblical Archaeology - Significant Discoveries from Ancient Empires. (Optional) Enter email address if you would like feedback about your tag. One Kassite invention was the boundary stone (kudurru), a block of stone that served as a record of a grant of land by the king to favoured persons. Almamori, Haider Oraibi and Bartelmus, Alexa. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. K. Balkan (1986, pp. : The Documentary Evidence, AJA 76, 1972, pp. 2134, 1953, T. Clayden. The Karun river runs a course of over 500 miles. J. Boese, Burnaburia II, Meliipak und die mittelbabylonische Chronologie, Ugarit Forschungen 14, 1982, pp. Most belong to the archives of the guenna (provincial governor) of the city of Nippur and seem to indicate a feudal system of government during the 14th and 13th centuries. Some kudurrus are kept in the Louvre in Paris and others in the National Museum of Iraq. Ghent and Chicago: The University of Ghent and The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. This event saw the conquest of Babylon by the Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great and marked the end of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. Idem, Forced laborers in the Middle Babylonian period, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 32, 1980, pp. [10][11] A few inscribed building materials of Kurigalzu I were found at Kish. There is not a single connected text in the Kassite language. Kar-Duniash was the name given to ancient Babylon during the reign of the Kassite kings. Elam, Biblical Figure - Amazing Bible Timeline with World History 20712, Brinkman, J. For a time I said I was an atheist. The Kassites ( / ksats /) were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire c. 1531 BC and until c. 1155 BC ( short chronology ). Historians and scholars claim that their rule was the longest in the history of ancient Babylon. One Kassite invention was the boundary stone ( kudurru ), a block of stone that served as a record of a grant of land by the king to favoured persons. The Babylonian territory had experienced internal strife and rebellion and the people of Elam took advantage of this situation and conquered Babylon. The problem is that there are several places called Ur. It does not store any personal data. Adding the years given by the King List to that date would place the beginning of the dynasty in the 18th century BCE, when rulers of the Hammurabi dynasty controlled Babylon. This is depicted in letters #287 and his sixth letter, #290. Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. Timeline of Events in Ancient Babylonia - ThoughtCo Abraham, K. (2013). Foreign Relations of Babylonia from 1600 to 625 B. C.: The Documentary Evidence. American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 233234, Levine, Louis D. The Second Campaign of Sennacherib. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. - C., Burna-Buriash Ier ensures its . Tukulti-Ninurta of Assyria conquered Babylon in 1225 B.C., but the Kassites survived Assyrian pressure until twelfth-century wars with Elam finally resulted in the end of their suzerainty. The Kassites took refuge in the mountains but were brought down and resettled, in standard Assyrian practice, in Hardispi and Bit Kubatti, which were made part of the Arrapha district. Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional. "Babylon in the Second Millennium BCE: New Insights on the Transitions from Old Babylonian to Kassite and Isin II Periods". 3, 1973, pp. The inscription is believed to be between 1400 1200 BCE, right around the time where Israel was in captivity or shortly after leaving captivity. Idem, Materials and Studies for Kassite History, 1: A Catalogue of Cuneiform Sources Pertaining to Specific Monarchs of the Kassite Dynasty, Chicago, 1986. The Kassite penetration into Mesopotamia. (Deuteronomy 4:19 NIV), Joshua said to all the people, This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: Long ago your ancestors, including Terah the father of Abraham and Nahor, lived beyond the Euphrates River and worshiped other gods. Middle Babylonian documents from Nuzi have the form Ku-u-u (-h), i.e., with the Hurrian adjectival ending -e (Fincke, 1993, pp. First mentioned in Elamite texts of the late 3rd millennium bc, they penetrated into Mesopotamia in the 2nd millennium, were repulsed by Hammurabis son, but secured holdings within the Tigris-Euphrates valley on the northern frontiers of Babylonia and later established the second Babylonian dynasty. Iraq Museum, Terracotta plaque of a seated goddess, from Southern Mesopotamia, Iraq. Museum, B. The ruler Shutruk-Nakhkhunte is credited with permanently ending Kassite power. Dilmun (modern Bahrain) in the Persian Gulf was ruled by a Kassite governor. (paternal name) seem to be the only ones which resemble names with relevance to Kassites (cf. 11, no. Both regions remained linked with the Babylonian government during the 11th and 10th century BCE, but from 850 BCE onwards they passed to the Assyrian sphere of influence (see Brinkman, 1968, pp. Midianites in The Bible - King James Bible Online There were 36 kings in this dynasty ruling 576 years and 9 months. K. Nashef, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der mittelbabylonischen und mittelassyrischen Zeit, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 5, Wiesbaden, 1982.